yürüyüş (spor) ne demek?

Yürüyüş,¹ uzun mesafeli bir atletizm yarışıdır. Koşudan farklı olarak, en az bir ayağın her zaman yer ile temas hâlinde olması gerekir. Olimpik olarak 20 km ve 50 km mesafelerinde düzenlenmektedir.

Tarihçe

1880'li yıllarda İngiltere'de "İngiliz Amatör Atletizm Derneği" tarafından yürüyüş ya da dağ yürüyüşü etkinliği olarak düzenlenmiştir. 1866 yılında ilk amatör yürüme şampiyonası organize edilmiştir ve yarışı John Chambers kazanmıştır. Bu tür organizasyonlarla düzenlenen kurallar sayesinde yürüme sporu 19. yüzyıl boyunca olgunlaşmıştır.

Kurallar

Esas olarak iki kuralı mevcut olan yürüyüş sporunda ilk olarak öne atılan ayağın topuğu yere değmeden arkada kalan ayak ucunun (ayak parmakları) yerle teması kesilmemelidir. Buna temasın kesilmemesi (kaybolmaması) denilir. İkinci olarak ise destek bacağının yerle teması anındaki gerginliğine ilişkindir. Vücut öne doğru hareketini devam ettirdiği süreç esnasında destek bacağındaki gerginlik de mevcut olmalıdır.

Kayda değer performanslar

Erkekler

20 km

<table> <thead> <tr class="header"> <th>Derece</th> <th>Atlet</th> <th>Milliyet</th> <th>Yer</th> <th>Tarih</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr class="odd"> <td>1:16:43</td> <td><a href="Sergey_Morozov_(athlete)" title="wikilink">Sergey Morozov</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="Saransk" title="wikilink">Saransk</a></td> <td>8 Haziran 2008</td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td>1:17:16</td> <td><a href="Vladimir_Kanaykin" title="wikilink">Vladimir Kanaykin</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="Saransk" title="wikilink">Saransk</a></td> <td>28 Eylül 2007</td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td>1:17:21</td> <td><a href="Jefferson_Pérez" title="wikilink">Jefferson Pérez</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="Paris" title="wikilink">Paris</a></td> <td>23 Ağustos 2003</td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td>1:17:22</td> <td><a href="Francisco_Javier_Fernández" title="wikilink">Francisco Javier Fernández</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="Turku" title="wikilink">Turku</a></td> <td>28 Nisan 2002</td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td>1:17:25</td> <td><a href="Bernardo_Segura" title="wikilink">Bernardo Segura</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="Bergen" title="wikilink">Bergen</a></td> <td>7 Mayıs 1994</td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td>1:17:33</td> <td><a href="Nathan_Deakes" title="wikilink">Nathan Deakes</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="Cixi_City" title="wikilink">Cixi City</a></td> <td>23 Nisan 2005</td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td>1:18:04</td> <td><a href="Bu_Lingtang" title="wikilink">Bu Lingtang</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="Pekin" title="wikilink">Pekin</a></td> <td>7 Nisan 1994</td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td>1:18:13</td> <td><a href="Pavol_Blažek" title="wikilink">Pavol Blažek</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="Hildesheim" title="wikilink">Hildesheim</a></td> <td>9 Eylül 1990</td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td>1:18:20</td> <td><a href="Andrey_Perlov" title="wikilink">Andrey Perlov</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="Moskova" title="wikilink">Moskova</a></td> <td>26 Mayıs 1990</td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td>1:19:08</td> <td><a href="Mikhail_Shchennikov" title="wikilink">Mikhail Shchennikov</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="Kiev" title="wikilink">Kiev</a></td> <td>30 Temmuz 1988</td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td>1:19:12</td> <td><a href="Axel_Noack" title="wikilink">Axel Noack</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="Karl-Marx-Stadt" title="wikilink">Karl-Marx-Stadt</a></td> <td>21 Haziran 1987</td> </tr> </tbody> </table>

50 km

<table> <thead> <tr class="header"> <th>Derece</th> <th>Atlet</th> <th>Milliyet</th> <th>Yer</th> <th>Tarih</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr class="odd"> <td>3:34:13</td> <td><a href="Denis_Nizhegorodov" title="wikilink">Denis Nizhegorodov</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="Cheboksary" title="wikilink">Cheboksary</a></td> <td>5 Mayıs 2008</td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td>3:35:47</td> <td><a href="Nathan_Deakes" title="wikilink">Nathan Deakes</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="Geelong" title="wikilink">Geelong</a></td> <td>2 Aralık 2006</td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td>3:36:03</td> <td><a href="Robert_Korzeniowski" title="wikilink">Robert Korzeniowski</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="Paris" title="wikilink">Paris</a></td> <td>27 Ağustos 2003</td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td>3:36:04</td> <td><a href="Alex_Schwazer" title="wikilink">Alex Schwazer</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="Rosignano_Marittimo" title="wikilink">Rosignano Solvay</a></td> <td>11 Şubat 2007</td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td>3:36:06</td> <td><a href="Yu_Chaohong" title="wikilink">Yu Chaohong</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="Nanjing" title="wikilink">Nanjing</a></td> <td>22 Ekim 2005</td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td>3:36:13</td> <td><a href="Zhao_Chengliang" title="wikilink">Zhao Chengliang</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="Nanjing" title="wikilink">Nanjing</a></td> <td>22 Ekim 2005</td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td>3:36:20</td> <td><a href="Han_Yucheng" title="wikilink">Han Yucheng</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="Nanjing" title="wikilink">Nanjing</a></td> <td>27 Şubat 2005</td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td>3:36:42</td> <td><a href="German_Skurygin" title="wikilink">German Skurygin</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="Paris" title="wikilink">Paris</a></td> <td>27 Ağustos 2003</td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td>3:37:26</td> <td><a href="Valeriy_Spitsyn" title="wikilink">Valeriy Spitsyn</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="Moskova" title="wikilink">Moskova</a></td> <td>21 Mayıs 2000</td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td>3:37:41</td> <td><a href="Andrey_Perlov" title="wikilink">Andrey Perlov</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="Sankt-Peterburg" title="wikilink">Leningrad</a></td> <td>5 Ağustos 1989</td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> </tbody> </table>

Kadınlar

20 km

<table> <thead> <tr class="header"> <th>Derece</th> <th>Atlet</th> <th>Milliyet</th> <th>Yer</th> <th>Tarih</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr class="odd"> <td>1:24:50</td> <td><a href="Olimpiada_Ivanova" title="wikilink">Olimpiada Ivanova</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="Adler" title="wikilink">Adler</a></td> <td>4 Mart 2001</td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td>1:25:18</td> <td><a href="Tatyana_Gudkova" title="wikilink">Tatyana Gudkova</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="Moskova" title="wikilink">Moskova</a></td> <td>19 Mayıs 2000</td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td>1:25:20</td> <td><a href="Olga_Polyakova" title="wikilink">Olga Polyakova</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="Moskova" title="wikilink">Moskova</a></td> <td>19 Mayıs 2000</td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td>1:25:29</td> <td><a href="Irina_Stankina" title="wikilink">Irina Stankina</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="Moskova" title="wikilink">Moskova</a></td> <td>19 Mayıs 2000</td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td>1:25:59</td> <td><a href="Tamara_Kovalenko" title="wikilink">Tamara Kovalenko</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="Moskova" title="wikilink">Moskova</a></td> <td>19 Mayıs 2000</td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td>1:26:22</td> <td><a href="Wang_Yan_(athlete)" title="wikilink">Wang Yan</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="Guangzhou" title="wikilink">Guangzhou</a></td> <td>19 Kasım 2001</td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td>1:26:22</td> <td><a href="Yelena_Nikolayeva" title="wikilink">Yelena Nikolayeva</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="Cheboksary" title="wikilink">Cheboksary</a></td> <td>18 Mayıs 2003</td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td>1:26:23</td> <td><a href="Wang_Liping_(athlete)" title="wikilink">Wang Liping</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="Guangzhou" title="wikilink">Guangzhou</a></td> <td>19 Kasım 2001</td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td>1:26:28</td> <td><a href="Irina_Pudovkina" title="wikilink">Irina Pudovkina</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="Adler" title="wikilink">Adler</a></td> <td>12 Mart 2005</td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td>1:26:31</td> <td><a href="Olga_Kaniskina" title="wikilink">Olga Kaniskina</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="Pekin" title="wikilink">Pekin</a></td> <td>21 Ağustos 2008</td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td>1:26:35</td> <td><a href="Liu_Hongyu" title="wikilink">Liu Hongyu</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="Guangzhou" title="wikilink">Guangzhou</a></td> <td>19 Kasım 2001</td> </tr> </tbody> </table>